Understanding plastics and polymers the different types of. Due to the ideal properties of the thermoplastic polymers such as corrosion resistance, low density or userfriendly design, the production of plastics has increased. The polymer used in making a plastics are usually a combination of additives, colorants, plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and reinforcements. At present, plastics find use in buildings mainly in thin coverings, panels, sheets, foams. Examples include polyurethanes, polyesters, epoxy resins and. Polyester resins are formed from the reaction of dibasic organic acids and polyhydric alcohols. The solidified plastics can be softening again by heating. Plastics technology handbook plastics properties and testing. In this article, i will be explaining the different types of plastics used in our household applications as well as industrial applications in the form of thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Understanding plastics and polymers the different types. Pdf this chapter defines environmentally friendly polymer. These plastics have a spectrum of properties that are derived from their.
Once the plastics is hardened, it will not soften even though it is heated. To compare our most popular plastics by their physical properties please. Dissolved in solvents or dispersed as emulsions, they are used in paints, varnishes and adhesives. The plastics is injected inside the mold cavity while it is soft. Thermosetting plastics are all amorphous plastics, some of which are not suitable for injection molding. Unesco eolss sample chapters types and properties of water vol. While weve covered the most commonlyused plastics before, there are a number of other remarkable plastic materials that might be within your reach right nowin your pocket or purse, in your car, in your phone or even inside your body there are many plastic materials that are used in hightech and highstress environments across numerous sectors of. Applications of plastics and types of plastic materials. Thermosets can be used for auto parts, aircraft parts and tires. It is important to note that density varies with temperature. The properties covered here are especially those properties, which are important in manufacturing processes. Properties of plastics or polymers play a vital role in the field of mechanical engineering. Jan 20, 2019 engineering plastics consist of polymers that put forward a mixture of properties, including superior strength, stiffness, robustness and resistance to wear, resistance to chemical attack and heat resistance. The smaller molecules are those such as ethylene ethane, c 2 h 4.
Depending on physical properties, plastics are divided into two types. Thermosetting plastics, once heated and cooled, cannot be reheated and remolded. Thermoplastics properties, types, uses, advantages and. Have them choose 1 or 2 types of plastic and using what they have just learned about their physical and chemical properties, explain why certain plastics are used to package certain items.
In 1988, the society of the plastics industry spi established a classification system to help people properly recycle and dispose of their plastics. Other types of thermoplastics include nylon, pvc and pva. Jul 17, 2018 number 7 is for all plastics other than those identified by number 16 and also plastics that may be layered or mixed with other types of plastics, such as bioplastics. The classification of plastics, and a list of their main characteristics, follows. The term plastics describes a group of chemicals called polymers. They are formed or expanded to produce materials of low density. Hence it is important to know the plastic flow properties of metals and alloys. Jun 07, 2018 in this video, youll discover the 7 most common types of plastic.
Once cooled and hardened, these plastics retain their shapes and cannot return to their original form. Today, manufacturers follow this coding system and place a number, or spi code, on each product, usually molded into the bottom. Ally the short term value reported in the property tables. Download types of plastics pdf at the end of the article. Most materials have molecules made up of less than 300 atoms, plastics contain thousands of atoms. Types and properties of water encyclopedia of life. Examples of thermosetting plastics are silicones, urea aldehyde and bakelite. These additives affect the chemical composition, properties, and mechanical properties of plastics and affect its cost. The following plastics chart supplied by nalgene, includes all of the plastics mentioned in this document. The simplest definition of a polymer is a useful chemical made of many repeating units.
Have students examine the characteristics of common plastics information sheet to identify common uses for each of the 6 major types of plastic. What are their advantages and which type of plastic is most suitable for your product. While its common for people to have different ideas on how to arrive at a shared. Types of plastics their physical properties processing methods materials for processing procedure. Monomer polymer ethylene polyethylene pe propylene polypropylene pp vinylchloride polyvinylchloride pvc caprolactame poly ecaprolactame pa6 tetra. Types of glass and its properties for use in construction. One type of plastic, known as polyethylene, is composed of extremely long molecules. At consolidated plastics, we think of plastic as a medium of change, making products better while serving as a reminder that flexibility. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the material by the volume and is normally expressed in gcm3. The most common type of plastic is polyethene, which is a. Methods of recycling, properties and applications of recycled. Manufacturing properties of engineering materials lecture notes.
We stock a large range of high performance plastics, engineering plastics, standard commodity type plastics and industrial composites. Within these two classes, the plastics are categorized into 7 types and assigned a classification number. This chart gives many useful ratings pertaining to these plastics including temperature tolerances, permeability and sterilization processes. Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects plasticity is the general property of all materials which can deform irreversibly without breaking but, in the class of moldable polymers, this occurs to such a degree that their actual name derives from this specific ability. Methods of recycling, properties and applications of. The two main types of plastics are called thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics. The difference between the two types of plastics can be remembered by memorizing the term thermosetting. A polymer can be a three dimensional network think of the repeating units linked together left and right, front and back, up and down or twodimensional network think of the repeating units linked together left, right, up, and down in a sheet or a one.
Properties and uses of plastics as a construction material. Engineering plastics consist of polymers that put forward a mixture of properties, including superior strength, stiffness, robustness and resistance to wear, resistance to chemical attack and heat resistance. What are their advantages and which type of plastic is most suitable for your. Different types of plastics and their classification the society of the plastics industry spi established a classification system in 1988 to allow consumers and recyclers to identify different types of plastic. Consider mechanical loads, aesthetics, and machinability when selecting a plastic. While weve covered the most commonlyused plastics before, there are a number of other remarkable plastic materials that might be within your reach right nowin your pocket or purse, in your car, in your phone or even inside your body. The seventh edition of this classic reference work once more provides a comprehensive overview of commercially available plastics materials. Typical reactions for chain assembling are polyaddition continuous or step wise and condensation polymerization polycondensation 1 figure 1. Plastics differ from other materials largely because of the size of their molecules. While plastics may be made from just about any organic polymer, most industrial plastic is made from petrochemicals. Apr 10, 2020 plastic is any synthetic or semisynthetic organic polymer. This document pdf may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes.
Polycarbonate pc is the most common plastic in this category, isnt used as much in recent years due to it being associated with bisphenol a bpa. The density of a plastic sample may change due to change in crystallinity, loss of plasticizers, absorption of solvent, etc. Types of plastics pdfproperties of thermosetting plastics. Like most other plastics, acrylite ff sheet will expand and contract from. Each one of our plastic materials has listed on its own product page an engineering plastic properties guide for reference. For that, in this article, i am exploring the necessary properties of polymers in a detailed manner.
The subsequent chapters describe the various types of plastic materials, their properties profiles, the advantages and disadvantages for medical device applications, the techniques by which their properties can be enhanced, and realworld examples of their use. Acrylonitrile and styrene provide chemical resistance, butadiene adds impact resistance and makes the plastic suitable for furniture, computer housings etc. The most common type of plastic is polyethene, which is a thermoplastic. Manufacturers utilize a variety of different plastic materials and compounds that each possess unique properties. Plastics have revolutionized many industries for a number of different reasons to include the fact that they resist environmental degradation over time, are generally safe for human beings, are economical and widely available, and are produced with a wide variety of material properties that allow adaptation to many different applications. Through the operation of the water circulation on the earth, the entire. Plastic properties chart pdf 5 context of molecular and macroscopic material properties 1. Common plastics their abbreviations, names and uses. Types of plastics their physical properties processing methods. When you want to apply any type of load on a particular member, you need to know its material properties, density, etc. Some thermoplastics are crosslinkable and are used industrially in their two forms, thermoplastic and thermoset. Acrylic or polymethyl methacrylate pmma polycarbonate pc polyethylene pe polypropylene pp. Engineering materials and their properties in this chapter materials are classified and the most important properties of the engineering materials are listed with short explanations.
Heating hydrocarbons oil, natural gas or coal produces plastics. In the development of plastic enclosures and tuning knobs, the designers follow the ecodesign directive. Linear polymers and a combination of linear and crosslinked polymers come under thermoplastics. For example, fibers are added to increase strength and. Plastic is any synthetic or semisynthetic organic polymer. This article looks at 12 different types of resins and their properties and applications. The plastics is hardened later through chemical reaction by raising the temperature. In other words, while other elements might be present, plastics always include carbon and hydrogen. They are very flexible and have excellent resistance to heat, chemicals, and flame. Also, you may want to use our plastic material selection guide or interactive thermoplastics triangle to assist with the material selection process based on your application requirements. Today were looking at the types of different plastics, along with their properties and uses which leads us at consolidated plastics to consider the nature of change, both in our business and in yours. The injected resin fills all the voids in the mold.
A resin is mixed with a catalyst which acts as a hardener, and injected into a mold that contains dry fibers, such as fiberglass. Cotton tshirts and plastic spoons do not have much in common with bicycle frames or coffee mugs. To summarize, there are 7 types of plastic exist in our current modern days. Plastics are manufactured in different forms such as moulding pipes, sheets and films. Plastics that can be deformed easily upon heating and can be bent easily. Suitable for use in enclosed rooms, also at low temperatures. Its important to identify friction and wear requirements, operating temperature ranges, and outdoor or chemical exposure. The two types of plastics are thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers. Plastics have taken the place of traditional materials like woods and metals. Polycarbonate pc is used in baby bottles, compact discs, and medical storage containers. Use our interactive properties table below to explore by property group, sort, or compare two or more plastic materials.
Depending on the synoptical and thermodynamical conditions of precipitation, clouds are divided into the following main types. Therefore, to determine the exact density of plastic, it is. Once set, thermosetting plastics cannot be reformed for another use. Engineering plastics properties chart supply services. There are five major materials included in this group, and they include the polyamides nylons, acetals, polycarbonates, thermoplastic. Click on an application icon to search for a plastic that may meet your needs. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, it enables scientists to understand the commercial implications of their work as well as providing technologists with a theoretical background. In this video, youll discover the 7 most common types of plastic.
Below is 7 of the most popular and commonly used plastics. In this article, i will be explaining the different types of plastics used in our household applications as well as industrial applications in. The rtm manufacturing process is similar to the rim process but involves the injection of a lowviscosity thermoset into a closed mold under moderate pressure, approximately 5 psi, from one or more injection ports. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the material by the volume and is normally expressed in gcm 3.
Corresponding to the three main types of stresstensile, compressive, and shear three types of. Khublaryan 577,000 km3 per year a mean water layer of 1. Linear polymers and a combination of linear and cross. For chemically resistant plastic, view our chemical resistance of plastics chart. Manufacturers place an spi code, or number, on each plastic product, usually moulded into the bottom. Cotton tshirts and plastic spoons do not have much in. Compounders of plastics modify properties of a thermoplastic material by many other methods as well. The same can be said for the items we use at the office. The plastics in such condition softened or melted is injected into a mold cavity to process molding.
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